Both commanders hoped for a classic battle with the Imperial Japanese Navy, but only Mitschers carrier planes were able to reach the enemy. Despite this, some detractors argued that Spruances tactics at Philippine Sea were overly cautious. But his service was not yet finished. The correct answer to this open question is the following. Admiral Yamamoto had hoped to fight a classic-style sea battle with battleships, but Spruance had proved that the aircraft carrier was now emerging as the capital ship of naval combat forces. Having been promoted to rear admiral in December 1939, he was directed to assume command of the Tenth Naval District (San Juan, PR) in February 1940. Spruance graduated from the U.S. Midway Island sent a false message stating that its water distillation plant had been damaged and that the base needed fresh water. Armed with this information, Fletcher ordered Spruance to launch a strike at the Japanese with Enterprise and Hornet while holding Yorktown in reserve in case the other Japanese carriers were discovered. There are submarines, there are mini-submarines, and then there are human torpedoes. But they expected it to come at the obvious and exposed outer fringe, and when we struck at the heart of the archipelago with a huge fleet that had approached undetected, we enjoyed complete tactical surprise. Most historians consider Midway the turning point of the Pacific War.[1]. Lt Tomanaga leads Japanese Torpedo Bombers to attack the remaining carriers. World War II: Admiral Raymond Spruance. A number of torpedo squadrons from the airfields and carriers launch attacks on the Japanese carriers but score no hits and almost all planes involved were shot down. Spruance launched an assault on February 16-17 against Truk, the Japanese Pearl Harbor, at the same time that Admiral Turners forces were attacking Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshalls, about 700 miles to the west. The battle commenced on the morning of June4; the first several waves of U.S. attack aircraft were badly beaten, both near Midway and at sea around the Japanese task force. Spruance also held several engineering . United States Aircraft Carrier attached to Task Force 16. Navy Secretary Frank Knox said of Kwajalein: The Japanese had been there 20 years. In this position, he traveled to London and Edinburgh. As the island-hopping campaign began, MacArthur continued his . . Japanese submarine I-168 torpedoes and torpedoes a damaged US aircraft carrier and its escorting destroyer. President Harry S. Truman appointed him ambassador to the Philippines in January 1952, and he served until March 1955. All four of Japans aircraft carriers were sunk, devastating Japans ambitions in the Pacific. In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. With the battleship's completion, Spruance joined its crew and remained aboard until November 1917. Lt. Kabayashi leads Japanese bombers from the Hiryu to attack the USS Yorktown. Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during World War Two. Japanese supporting aircraft carrier in the corresponding Aleutian Islands Invasion. Spruance was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, and in May 1943 he was promoted to vice admiral. Only 17 of the islands 4,690 Japanese defenders survived to become prisoners. Spruance himself directed a task group of battleships, cruisers and destroyers that left the main body to go after Japanese ships that were fleeing Truk, sinking the light cruiser Katori and destroyer Maikaze. This was said to be the first time that a four-star admiral took part in a sea action aboard one of the ships engaged. ), honoris causa degree from Central Philippine University in 1955, an institution of higher learning founded by the American Baptist missionary, William Orison Valentine in 1905. The two admirals presented a contrast in styles as Spruance tended to be quiet and meticulous while Halsey was brash and more impetuous. He was dragged out of his flagship Akagi before it sank against his will. The Indiana War Memorial in Indianapolis has a meeting room named for Spruance as well as displays honoring his career and that of the USS Indianapolis. 2015. That same year he received a new assignment: assistant machinery inspector at the Newport News, Va., dry dock, where the battleship Pennsylvania was being outfitted. Besides his family, he loved the companionship of his pet schnauzer, Peter. It was hit multiple times by aircraft from the IJN Hiryu and later torpedoed by a Japanese submarine before sinking. Summing up his appraisal of this outstanding sailor, Morison noted: Spruance in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, overriding Mitscher the carrier expert in letting the enemy planes come at him instead of going in search of them, won the second most decisive battle of the Pacific war. Privacy Policy, Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during. Official Navy historian Samuel Eliot Morison characterized Spruance's performance as "superb", and he was nicknamed "electric brain" for his calmness even in moments of supreme crisis, a reputation enhanced by his successful tactics. On October 16, 1946, the former Secretary of War, Robert P. Patterson, presented the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Admiral Spruance, with citation as follows: Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, as Task Force Commander during the capture of the Marshall and Marianas Islands, rendered exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services from January to June 1944. "Foreward for Midway." US Naval Institute Proceedings 81, no. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance displayed outstanding leadership and command capabilities during the battle that turned the tide in the Pacific. Akagi class Japanese aircraft carrier that was part of the first detachment of the Japanese carrier strike force. Spruance expressed his personal feelings on this matter as follows: So far as my getting five star rank is concerned, if I could have got it along with Bill Halsey, that would have been fine; but, if I had received it instead of Bill Halsey, I would have been very unhappy over it. This time we were right because the enemy did what we expected him to do. He is responsible for the Japanese battle plan to attack Midway and the Aleutian Islands. Meanwhile, Task Force 58 was busy in the forefront of clearing the Japanese from the 600-mile-long Marianas chain. Japanese fleet under the direct command of Admiral Yamamoto with over 5 battleships and escort carrier Hosho. The main auditorium of the U.S. U.S. losses were low: 25 airplanes and 18 lives. Landing troops on Saipan on June 15, he defeated Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa at the Battle of the Philippine Sea a few days later. Bombs destroyed the bridge of Kaga and set her ablaze from stem to stern. edward dean spruancegarberiel battery charger manual 26th February 2023 / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by Just before the planned invasion of Midway island in June 1942, Halsey suddenly became ill with shingles. He remained in the position only briefly as he accepted a posting as President of the Naval War College on February 1, 1946. Historian Morison later described Spruances performance at Midway as superb. During WWII Italian Commandos Were Tasked to Ride Torpedoes. In 1939 he was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral. Then he returned to the Naval War College as a staff member. His air group is credited with the sinking of 4 Japanese aircraft carriers during Midway. The first Japanese airstrike was followed by another. Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during World War Two. The Japanese carriers were beginning to launch fighters as Torpedo 8 roared down to attack, without fighter cover. HistoryLearning.com. Advertisement Still have questions? The Battle of Midway was fought June 4-7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Besides his family, he loved the companionship of his pet schnauzer, Peter. Five days after the Marshalls campaign, Spruance sent the Mitscher force to attack Tinian and Saipan in the Mariana Islands. (2021, July 31). While screening the American invasion of Saipan in June 1944, Spruance defeated the Japanese fleet in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. The Japanese felt that they had won the encounter. Though Spruance had not led a carrier force in the past, Nimitz agreed as the rear admiral would be aided by Halsey's staff, including the gifted Captain Miles Browning. [12] Spruance assumed command of Task Force 16 with its two carriers, USSEnterprise and USSHornet, under battle command of Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher. When New Mexico was struck by two kamikaze on the night of 12 May 1945 a hasty search by Spruance's staff found the Admiral manning a fire hose amidship. Aircraft carrier that served as the flagship of Task Force 17 and Admiral Fletcher. [17], The Battle of Midway is considered by many to be a turning point of the war in the Pacific, along with the Guadalcanal campaign. Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, is named Spruance Hall. Yorktowns planes hit Soryu as she was turning into the wind to launch aircraft. Naval Academy in 1906 and received further education in electrical engineering a few years later. I can thank heredity for a sound constitution, and myself for taking care of that constitution. Lieutenant aboard the Hiryu who led and was killed during the first Japanese counterattack after the sinking of 3 Japanese aircraft carriers. US Naval Task Force under Frank Fletcher with aircraft carrier Yorktown. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Spruance for promotion to full admiral on February 10, 1944, and he was approved. Aboard the Japanese flattops, many torpedo-carrying planes were waiting for fighters to take off as the American planes dived. For more great articles subscribe to World War II magazine today! His father wanted him to go to West Point, but young Raymond yearned to go to sea. Lieutenant in command of the USS Yorktown air group. 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