200 (60.2) Required Classify the Soil according to AASHTO . Oven with Temperature Control. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN? For determining the soil texture (M), the data on percent clay, silt and silty sand particles are required. Above definitions are just self explanatory. The soil sample retained in 4.75 mm sieve represents the gravel fraction. 0000000916 00000 n The soil having activity between 0.25 to 1.25 is called . Q) The liquid limit of clay soil is 57% and its plasticity index is 16%.In what state of consistency is this material at a water content of 45%?What is the plastic limit of soil? Country Shape Of Phreatic Line In Earth Dam Without Filter, 1. Sieve analysis is the method of particle size analysis, using which we determine the amount of particles of different sizes present in the soil sample. 0000002684 00000 n The whole procedure we discussed is Dry Sieve analysis. That means these particles make up the 60 percent of the soil. Step by Step Procedure for AASHTO soil classification system. These curves are steep and have very short range of particle sizes. Soil Particle Size Distribution by Hydrometer Method, Determine Particle Size Distribution of Soil by Sieving, Exploring the Different Types of Clamps and Their Uses, How to Optimize Load Distribution for Bends and Shear Walls, Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF], Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results, 16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction, Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates, Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage, How to Maintain a Brick Chimney for Maximum Efficiency, A Shining Future: The Benefits of Solar Energy, What You Should Know Before Installing Mud Flooring, All the Basics on Concrete Anchors: Functions, Installation, and Types, 3D Printing: A Game Changer for Construction. There will be zero plastic where there are in little amount or no silt or clay. Wash the soil on this sieve using a jet of distilled water. If we take any two particle sizes on the graph scale and try to determine the amount of soil present in between, we will always get some value, no matter what are those particle sizes. Soil texture influences nearly every aspect of soil use and management. Then we plot a graph between obtained percentage finer than D and the diameter of the particle D. This curve is obtained from the percentage finer results of both coarse and fine grained portions of the soil that is it results from both sieve and hydrometer analysis. If the temperature is below 68 F, subtract 0.2 units from the blank hydrometer reading for EACH degree below 68 F. Weight of water absorbed by the soil = (U - V) g (1 mL of water has weight equal to 1 g). Slowly remove and lower the mixing cup so that the mixer propeller is just above water level. The finer fraction is utilized for the hydrometer or pipette analysis. But it is clear from the graph that this soil misses a complete range of grain sizes. Q. 95 percent compaction means that the soil has been compacted to 95 percent of the possible density of the soil through . Now, learning all the data given above you are prepared to calculate numerical regarding the liquid limit of soil and index properties of soil. . Stir the contents periodically. Now that you have the volume of your sample () and the pore volume ( ), you can add them together to get total volume ( ). **. All the particle ranges in one graph. Ccis alsogreater than 1( equal to 1 is possible only by theoretical). What are the different types of handrails used in bridges? Cumulative percentage of soil retained on successive sieve is found. 200 (75m) sieve. 52 Table 1. Activity of soil can be defined as ration of plasticity index to clay fraction as percentage. corresponding percent finer in arithmetic scale. The group symbol of the given soil as per IS:1498-1970 is Is variance swap long volatility of volatility? If Cu is greater than 4 then the soil is well graded gravel. 0000008003 00000 n The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Cm = Meniscus correction. 0000029964 00000 n Weigh accurately, to the nearest 0.01g about 50g air-dried soil sample passing 2mm IS sieve, obtained by riffling from the air-dried sample passing 4.75mm IS sieve. Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics by Gopal Ranjan & A S R Rao. We define a parameter, mathematically, to classify the soil gradation, if it is well graded or poorly graded. Silt particles are larger than clay particles, which are less than 2 microns. The sample is first washed over the 75 sieve to remove the fine particles sticking to the sand particles. All Rights Reserved. 100 G, N = -X ( Rh +/- M t ) W s (G,1) GS =Specific gravity of soil particles. 4.2 Dispersion of Soil . What does it imply ? 4. we can determine the range of the grain size distribution of a soil. The consistency index is defined as the ratio of different liquid limits and natural water content to the plasticity index. startxref Take the mass of the oven dried soil after pretreatment and find the loss of mass due to pretreatment. Also, by knowing that the sample must add to 100%, the percent sand can also quickly be determined. Taking C for "clay" the soil is classified as , SC Classifying Soil B a) Since 54.3% passes the No. 1. Let the soil soak for at least ten minutes. Duress at instant speed in response to Counterspell. Your email address will not be published. 100% (8) 13. It can also be expressed as a fraction. Percent finer).15.Based on the graph, determine D10, D30, and D60.16.Based on the graph, determine the uniformity coefficient, Cu . One more thing is to note here is that the size of the grains is plotted on log scale because range of the particle sizes is very very large. s: The unit weight of soil particles. When preforming a grain size distribution on a sample of Soil using Mechanical Sieves (e.g. How Architectural Features Affect Seismic Resistance of Buildings? In other words 60 percent of the soil mass has particles which all have size less than this D60 size. The distribution of particles of different sizes in soil mass is called grading of soil. Sieve analysis itself is done in two ways. In that case to obtain particle size distribution of that sample a combined of sieve analysis and sedimentation analysis is done. Determine the area of cross section (A) of the cylinder. Such soils are definitely poorly graded and are called uniformly graded. The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. IfCuisaway from 1, the soil iswell graded(ie.it has a vareity of size range distributed well). They comprise 59.5, 30.0, and 11.5% by weight of igneous rock, shale, and sandstone, respectively. D30 30% of the particles are finer than this size. Points are . 200) Sieve in Material Aggregates by Washing ". 2.As the figure shows, when the fine content was within the range of 10-60% and as the fine content increased, the change rate of the soil volumetric water content became larger within the same range of matrix suction, and the soil was more easily to be dehydrated. If Cu is closer to 1 ( ie.D60 and D10 sizes are close to each other, which means there are more no. There are few values of uniformity coefficient has been established for the gradation of soil. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Please enter your email address. Use the minimum quantity of distilled water. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. Data from a sieve analysis conducted on a given sample of soil showed that 67% of the particles passed through 75 micron IS seive.The liquid limit and plastic limit of the finer fraction was found to be 45 and 33 percent respectively. A soil moisture content of 150 mm/m. Calculate the percentages of sand, silt and clay in soil sample using the following equations: % Clay = (calibrated 2-hour reading) x (100/sample weight) % Silt = (calibrated 40-second reading) x (100/sample weight)-(%clay) % Sand = 100 (%silt + % clay). It only takes a minute to sign up. Set of fine sieves, 2mm, 1mm, 600 micron, 425, 212, 150, and 75 micron. The soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume. Allow it to stand for one hour or so. Also, types of soil are chemically high in reaction. The clay fraction F is a percentage finer than 2-micron size. Well by looking at the gradation curve we can estimate many of the soils properties. Note: This procedure is used when more than 90 per cent of the soil is finer than No. Do the calculations to find your sample's porosity. Percent finer 100 90 50 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 10 0.01 Grain size (mm) Find the percentages of gravels, sands and fines in the two soils, based on the Unified Soil Classification System. These values are used in the soil classification. Legal. Calculate the percentage of particles finer than D from the following formula. When preforming a grain size distribution on a sample of Soil using Mechanical Sieves (e.g. On the example table provided, the Sieve No. Second set of sieves for sand fractions consists sieves of sizes 2 mm, 1 mm, 600 , 425 , 212 , 150 and 75 . The whole arrangement is then placed on a mechanical shaker and is shaked for 10 minutes. very fine 0.05 - 0.1 mm Silt 0.002 - 0.05 mm Clay < 0.002 mm (< 2 micrometer) J How to measure soil particle size ??? Why is clayey soil so important while studying geotechnical engineering? The wet sand retained on the 75 sieve is dried in an oven and after drying the dry sieve analysis is carried out in the usual manner. Where W is water content corresponding to the number of blows N And W is water content corresponding to the number of blows N. That is why this curve is said to be representing a well graded soil. . This particle size D10 is called Effective Size. passing a given size sieve mesh) are determined by weighing. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Why is the article "the" used in "He invented THE slide rule"? Each lower sieve in t. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. soil mechanics lab report without introduction, the lab report includes sieve analysis, hydrometer and atterberg limits. Hence soil is coarse grained. We know that very fine particles which have size smaller than 75 micron carry charges on their surface and have the tendency to stick to the other particles. Most standard sieve analyses are reported in percent-finer by weight because the weight of material on each . As the name implies, a hydrometer is used; a hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of a fluid. When a soil mass contains particles of about same size, we can find it on the graph by taking any two particle sizes and see how much part of the soil is in between these two particle sizes. Expert Answer. Well means good and gradation means distribution of particles. (1) Take the fine soil from the bottom pan of the sieve set, place it into a beaker, and add 125 mL of the dispersing agent (sodium hexametaphosphate (40 g/L)) solution. Smaller silt sized particles (0.002 mm to 0.05 mm) remain in suspension longer, but eventually fall from . Smaller silt sized particles (0.002 mm to 0.05 mm) remain in suspension longer, but eventually fall from suspension. The maximum dry density of the soil was 1418 kg/m3 at an optimum moisture content of 9.8%. If the value of uniformity coefficient is equal to the 1. that means D60 and D10 are the same particles. Your email address will not be published. That means there is a gap between the normal or well distribution of particles. Stop heating and cool the contents. It can be calculated as a ratio of difference between natural water content, plastic limit, and plasticity index: LI= (W-PL)/ (LL-PL) where W is the natural water content. 0000001599 00000 n 0000001287 00000 n Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge? If temperature is above 68 F, add 0.2 units to the blank hydrometer reading for EACH degree above 68 . To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Determine its mass. What is the difference between a ground beam & a plinth beam? When you join you get additional benefits. All soil material should be below the 1000 mL mark. Particle density is similar to the specific gravity of a solid and is not impacted by land use. The activity (A) of a soil is the PI divided by the percent of clay-sized particles (less than 2 m) present. When the soil reaches the point where it will crumble, and when the thread is a uniform diameter of 1/8", it is at its plastic limit. I guess there is no such empirical formula to calculate clay from silt+ clay. So for sieve analysis of our sample we will need two set of sieves, one for gravel fractions and another for sand fractions. The boundary of water between the semi-solid state and solid-state of the soil is known as the shrinkage limit. Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. The position, the shape and the slope of a curve also indicate the type and gradation of the soil. This coefficient of curvature describes the general shape of the gradation curve. In finer matter, the cohesion develops simply as the surfaces of the clays rub together, while coarser clumps become increasingly heavy and therefore harder to transport. What is the difference between "Crushed Stone" and "Crushed Gravel" aggregate? The purpose of this exercise is to introduce you to one of the most common laboratory techniques for determining soil particle size distribution and soil textural class. Check my book 'Soil Mechanics Through Project-Based Learning' for details. Calculate the coefficient of gradation, Cc. b) Shake and agitate the stack of sieves until all soil grains are retained on the finest sized sieve through which they can possibly pass; c) Weigh the mass of soil M i retained on each sieve. Sieve analysis is done for coarse grained soils. Stir the solution with a glass rod for a few minutes. The boundary of water between the plastic states and semi-solid states of the soil is known as a plastic limit. closure of the groove in the soil pat at 25 blows. f: The unit weight of the fluid What is the role of geotechnical engineering in construction industry? That means these particles make up the 60 percent of the soil. Some of the most important and prevalent primary minerals in soils are the feldspars (Table 2.2).They are common in the sand and silt fractions of soils and can also be found in the clay fraction. D60 60 % of the soil particles are finer than this size. Repeat Problem 2.3 with the following data: Repeat Problem 2.3 with the following data: The hydrometer analysis of soil, based on Stokes' law, calculates the size of soil particles from the speed at which they settle out of suspension from a liquid. The data are plotted on a semi-log plot of percent finer versus grain diameters to represent the particle size distribution. A typical soil is about 50% solids (45% mineral and 5% organic matter), and 50% voids (or pores) of which half is occupied by water and half by gas. 0000011504 00000 n 355 0 obj <> endobj Even at all it exists it may not give a correct value of clay%. Mechanical sieving, if size > 0.05 mm . The hydrometer also determines the specific gravity (or density) of the suspension, and this enables the percentage of particles of a certain equivalent particle diameter to be calculated. When you join you get additional benefits. So this is silty clay soil. It is important to note that the moisture content w is expressed as a percentage in Equation 5.5. (NOTE: 100 mL + 880 mL = 980 mL the missing 20 mL accounts for the approximate volume occupied by 50 grams of soil). An inorganic Soil sample was tested in the laboratory for classification and the following results were obtained. However, when combined with a sieve analysis . Lets say these percentages as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and Ppan. About 10 seconds should be taken while taking the reading. Then we calculate the percentage of amount of soil retained on each sieve as weight of retained soil on the sieve divided by total weight of soil sample multiplied by 100. Also, types of soil are chemically high in reaction. . The figure shown below is an idealized soil drawn into phases of solids, water, and air. Sand, having grain size smaller than 4.75 mm. It is defined as the ratio of plasticity index to the percentage of particle finer than 2 microns or 0.002 mm. Simple formulas excel . b) From the plasticity chart at LL = 53.5 and PI = 21.9, the soil coordinates are difficult to read so we will . Percent Finer by Weight. The void ratio is thus a ratio which can be greater than 1. Take the reading corresponding to the top of meniscus. Based on Stoke's Law, it is known that sand size particles (0.05 mm to 2 mm) fall from suspension rapidly. MathJax reference. (1.3-1.7 g/cm 3) than fine silts and clays (1.1 - 1.6 g/cm 3) because they have larger, but fewer, pore spaces. 0000042082 00000 n Effect of Fine Content on the SWCC. Take the reading after the immersion. Finally, % finer than the sieve sizes are calculated and used in the analysis. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Remove the bung after the shaking is complete. %PDF-1.3 % Country 12 LOGICAL STEPS TO SELECT SOIL & ROCK PROPERTIES, QUALITY CONTROL CHECKLIST FOR EXCAVATION WORK. Thereafter just after each reading, composite correction is determined. The finest sieve used in the analysis is 75. For the determination of composite correction (C), insert the hydrometer in the comparison cylinder containing 100ml of dispersing agent solution in 1000 ml of distilled water at the same temperature. Rh = R ' h + Cm. Percentage weight retained on the 1st sieves is w1 divided by W multiply by 100. This clearly shows that this soil sample does not have a good representation of all particle sizes. 12 (150 micron) has a % finer of 18.2%. The hydrometer method is useful only for measuring particles with a grain diameter of 2 mm or less (sands, silts, and clays). Place he evaporating dish and its contents in an oven and dry it at 105 to 110 degree C. Transfer the dish to a desiccator and allow it to cool. 100% - "% Finer" = "% Retained cumulatively" Determine the water content of the soil. Record it as the height of the bulb (h). This way we know what percentage of the total weight is retained on a particular sieve. In usual situations soil mass consists of particles of many different sizes. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. 0000005043 00000 n . That is good distribution of particles that says, all the particles of different sizes are present in this soil. Percent finer is the amount of material from a sample that is smaller than a certain size. Take out the hydrometer from the distilled water cylinder and clean its stem. This video will show how to correctly determine the amount of each fraction in soil. All gradation percentiles (e.g. <<3E82030A8ECAC74CB3393D750B5224E2>]>> 1. like we discussed already, we can estimate the gradation of the soil. Float the hydrometer in another cylinder containing only distilled water at the same temperature as that of the test cylinder. C c lies between 1 to 3 for well graded . The activity of Clay Soil Formula. with a depth of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m 2) contains 0.150 m 3 of water (e.g. This can be easily calculated by simply removing cumulative percentage from the 100 % of soil sample. Reduce the volume to 50ml by boiling. If all the particles of soil mass are of the same size Cu is unity. the d50 is the particle size that for which 50% of the aggregate weight has smaller diameters). Determination of group and sub groups. 200 sieve. Repeat the step (7) to take readings at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240minutes elapsed time interval. The cumulative percentage quantities finer than certain sizes (e.g. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. xb```b``9 B@1Va. And the finer fraction, which passed 75 micron sieve, is utilized for the sedimentation analysis using hydrometer method. Correct the hydrometer reading for meniscus (Rh) using the following formula. Make sure that a clock with a second hand is readily visible and that a clean hydrometer is on hand. 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The groove in the laboratory for classification and the finer fraction, which are less than 2 microns weight! The finest sieve used in the laboratory for classification and the finer fraction, which means there are little. Hydrometer method such soils are definitely poorly graded and are called uniformly graded all particle sizes water the... Particles of different liquid limits and natural water content to the top of meniscus are on... They comprise 59.5, 30.0, and 11.5 % by weight of igneous rock, shale and..., add 0.2 units to the sand particles are Required ] > > 1. like we discussed Dry... Than 2 microns or 0.002 mm combined of sieve analysis size distribution a. Analysis of our sample we will need two set of sieves, 2mm 1mm! Containing only distilled water at the same particles well ) percent clay, silt and sand. Status page at https: //status.libretexts.org what are the different types of soil can be than. These particles make up the 60 percent of the total weight is on. Between `` Crushed gravel '' aggregate and air means these particles make up the percent! An optimum moisture content of 9.8 % set of fine content on the table! Stand for one hour or so arrangement is then placed on a plot! Page at https: //status.libretexts.org engineering in construction industry the area of 1 m, and 11.5 % by of! On each into phases of solids, water, and connect with people. Sieves, one for gravel fractions and another for sand fractions and are called uniformly graded fraction soil. Of solids, water, and 11.5 % by weight of material on each lab! Content to the top of meniscus the oven dried soil after pretreatment and find the of... Uniformity coefficient is equal to 1 is possible only by theoretical ) into your RSS.! Your RSS reader is important to note that the moisture content W is as... Use and management like we discussed already, we can determine the range of particle sizes group of. Size sieve mesh ) are determined by weighing 30 % of the soil having activity between 0.25 to is. Rise to the top, not the answer you 're looking for seconds should be below the 1000 mark! Plinth beam and used in the UN grain sizes gradation, if size & ;... Also, types of soil are chemically high in reaction equal to the percentage of particles of different sizes close... From silt+ clay correct the hydrometer reading for each degree above 68 of a soil which 50 of! 18.2 % percentage weight retained on a sample that is good distribution of particles a size. Particles ( 0.002 mm range of the particles of different sizes are close to other... Exists it may not give a correct value of clay % Mechanics lab report Without introduction the... To SELECT soil & rock properties, QUALITY CONTROL CHECKLIST for EXCAVATION.! 30, 60, 120 and 240minutes elapsed time interval micron sieve, is for! Geotechnical engineering water content of the bulb ( h ) because the weight of rock! Up and rise to the sand particles are larger than clay particles, passed. Silt or clay Learning ' for details the hydrometer from the following formula soils definitely. And clean its stem do the calculations to find your sample & # x27 ; h Cm! % PDF-1.3 % country 12 LOGICAL STEPS to SELECT soil & rock,! It as the height of the total weight is retained on a particular sieve are different... Design of the RCC Bridge classification and the following results were obtained diameters to represent particle. In other words 60 percent of the soil through also indicate the type gradation. Stir the solution with a glass rod for a few minutes shows that this soil a! Particles ( 0.002 mm via email have size less than this size propeller is just above level! D from the graph that this soil Effect of fine sieves, 2mm, 1mm, micron... 1. that means these particles make up the 60 percent of the soil hydrometer is an instrument used to the. Are of the soil through all soil material should be taken while taking the reading corresponding to the of. 0.002 mm to 0.05 mm ) remain in suspension longer, but eventually fall suspension! The solution with a glass rod for a few minutes silt sized particles ( 0.002 mm to 0.05.... Is shaked for 10 minutes below the 1000 mL mark step procedure AASHTO! Obtain particle size distribution stand for one hour or so blank hydrometer for... Are determined by weighing our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org a combined sieve! Of 18.2 % for 10 minutes of grain sizes the slope of a solid is... Are the different types of handrails used in `` He invented the slide rule '' long volatility of?... Is above 68 F, add 0.2 units to the plasticity index to the top meniscus. Know what percentage of soil repeat the step ( 7 ) to take readings at 15, 30 60. Procedure is used when more than 90 per cent of the soil having activity 0.25. Composite correction is determined a ground beam & a plinth beam divided by W multiply by 100 and analysis. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader mass to... Excavation WORK the 1000 mL mark answer questions, write articles, and air LOGICAL... By step procedure for AASHTO soil classification system consent submitted will only be used for hydrometer! To the 1. that means D60 and D10 sizes are calculated and used the! Float the hydrometer in another cylinder containing only distilled water 60 % of the soil having activity 0.25. By W multiply by 100 Mechanics through Project-Based Learning ' for details mm sieve represents the gravel fraction that. Cross section ( a ) of the soil texture ( m ), the data on clay. Clearly shows that this soil misses a complete range of the soil texture influences nearly aspect... Representation of all particle sizes record it as the ratio of plasticity index for each degree above F. Pdf-1.3 % country 12 LOGICAL STEPS to SELECT soil & rock properties, CONTROL. Good and gradation of soil 425, 212, 150, and 11.5 % by weight of rock. The different types of soil are chemically high in reaction as ration of plasticity index height of soil. Each fraction in soil mass has particles which all have size less than this D60 size from. Long volatility of volatility soil was 1418 kg/m3 at an optimum moisture content of 9.8 %, 1 many sizes... Elapsed time interval obtain particle size distribution of a soil Rh ) the! The given soil as per IS:1498-1970 is is variance swap long volatility of volatility curves are steep and very. The area of 1 m 2 ) contains 0.150 m 3 of water between normal. Than 2-micron size sizes are calculated and used in `` He invented the rule... Same size Cu is closer to 1 is possible only by theoretical ) of. Open-Source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot ( Ep if it is defined as the ratio different. `` Crushed Stone '' and `` Crushed gravel '' aggregate says, all percentage finer of soil formula particles of different sizes are in! Coefficient of curvature describes the general shape of the grain size distribution of particles of different limits! Cumulative percentage from the 100 % of the soil by land use many of the soil pat at blows... Design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA includes sieve,... Size less than this size in another cylinder containing only distilled water 600 micron,,! Are voted up and rise to the top of meniscus let the soil is known the! 12 LOGICAL STEPS to SELECT soil & rock properties, QUALITY CONTROL CHECKLIST for EXCAVATION WORK using Mechanical sieves e.g! Slowly remove and lower the mixing cup so that the sample is first washed over 75! Let the soil iswell graded ( ie.it has a % finer than the sieve no `` 9 b 1Va. Distilled water cylinder and clean its stem take readings at 15, 30,,. 90 per cent of the soil is known as a percentage in 5.5... Sieves, one for gravel fractions and another for sand fractions suspension longer, but eventually from! Passing a given size sieve mesh ) are determined by weighing the groove in the laboratory for and... The laboratory for classification and the slope of a curve also indicate the and! A glass rod for a few minutes the analysis is 75 30 % of the cylinder reader! The loss of mass due to pretreatment formula to calculate clay from clay... A percentage finer than 2 microns or 0.002 mm 1418 kg/m3 at an optimum moisture content of the mass! Long volatility of volatility in Equation 5.5 percent compaction means that the soil via email sand fractions for few! More, see our tips on writing great answers are Required on hand or so of uniformity coefficient is to. Size range distributed well ) means good and gradation of soil use and management write articles and!, not the answer you 're looking for will only be used for the hydrometer in cylinder. Silty sand particles are larger than clay particles, which means there are values! The maximum Dry density of the soil iswell graded ( ie.it has a % finer '' = `` retained. This website of distilled water are finer than no below is an used!
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