Regarding elements of legal philosophy the following section from the "Instruction of the Vizier", Rekhmire (ca 1479-1425 BCE), is of importance: I judge both (the insignificant) and the influential. But it might come as a shock to you that there are many laws in many different countries that will surely make you go what the hell or you end being even more struck. 82 See Allam 2007: 269. The law was passed in 1951 and seeks to reduce fire accidents caused by mishandling of flammable material by untrained personnel, and anyone violating this law is liable for a $500 fine. weird laws in ancient egypt. In Japan women must wear bras in air-conditioned rooms. to the army but not at the same time, so that there is always one Men who do not register will be subject to imprisonment or fines if convicted by a court-martial after a trial period has elapsed without them registering themselves with their local draft board office (mukhabarat). The SCC found some aspects of the SCAFs election law to be in violation of some aspects of the SCAFs constitutional declaration (while avoiding ruling on the constitutional validity of the SCAF's declarations), so the SCAF amended its election law accordingly. 76 Idem 17-18. To While these are unlikely to affect visitors, it is a good idea to understand the culture and act and dress appropriately to avoid problems. But, like Egypt itself, Egypt's laws and legal system are full of such layers of complexity as a result of their development over the course of layers of history. Even with masculine primogeniture, the other children and the surviving spouse usually received a share of the estate. Professional photography or film equipment of any kind will require a permit. In Denmark if your vehicle stalls and you leave it on the side of the road, you must mark the vehicle with a red, reflecting triangle. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. That might sound like an unremarkable statement, but it has considerable importance in appreciating how central, even essential, legal texts are to the Egyptian concept of law and the rule of law. 98 Ibid. It is illegal to drink alcohol in the street or any location apart from these established venues. You will learn something about everything! WebIn ancient Egypt, crimes are acts against other persons or the state. Police and other security personnel may stop, detain, and/or question people without probable cause. Wonder how our Punjabis settled there. 715 bc), were known as lawgivers. 15 Utterly Emotional Books You Need to Read Right Now! First, they get paid less if they score the goal in the first half of a match, but more if they score it in the second half. While riding a bicycle, make sure you urgently put your feet on the pedal literally at all times. 8 See Helck & Otto 1980: 1110; Allam 2007: 263; Shaw & Nicholson 2008: 178. Tel: 212.759.7120 This includes the Suez Canal. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Women in Greece are prohibited from wearing high heels & tall hats in the Olympic Stadium. In order to discuss the topics, the author conceived apparent theoretical disputes and situations designed for guidance in the judgment of a relevant case; he also provides definitions for "defendant" and "plaintiff"; and in addition he makes use of abstract classification, developing - for example - the notion "thing" (neket) which the later Roman jurists would call res. Egypt's legal system developed in layers over the course of several periods of the country's history, including multiple periods of colonial domination by various foreign 103 See Westbrook 2003a: 4. He sat in judgment on court cases and appointed magistrates as part of his legal duties. In our journey on fourth, we are sure to chink together like two wine glasses in a heartfelt toast. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Religion then no longer determined the legal standing of a matter, but it was rather the juridical mechanism which became authoritative - even in the religious sphere.34 A well-known example of this is one of the central myths in ancient Egypt, namely "The Contendings of Horus and Seth", known from Papyrus Beaty dated to the mid-twelfth century BCE.35 It is a satirical account of the lawsuit between the god Horus, the rightful heir to the crown of Egypt, and his uncle, the god Seth, who usurped the crown by murdering Horus' father Osiris. Second, if a player scores two goals consecutively (i.e., within a few minutes), he will receive an additional bonus from his club and from sponsors who pay him even more money! Sorry, bad singers, North Carolina will not allow you to sing off-note.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'twinavocados_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_2',610,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-twinavocados_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Canadians are not so much of noise-lovers. The author thereupon argues that when studying legal history it is important to realise that the author (of the Codex Hermopolis text) shows himself to be qualified as a jurist; he was a true jurisprudent.86 Previously it was doubted whether there were scholars in ancient Egypt who could qualify as jurists in the strict sense of the word, but today their existence is undisputed. Keywords: Ancient Egypt; emergence of Egyptian law; importance of religion; hp; hpw; maat; jurisprudence; justice; balance; impartiality; tradition; precedent; custom, Law has existed as long as organised human society, but its origins are lost in the mists of prehistory.1 The advent of writing left a record from which the living institutions of the past may be reconstructed. Women owned and bequeathed property, filed lawsuits, and bore witness in court proceedings without the authority of their father or husband. There are no countries in the world beginning with the letter X! Possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs is a serious offence and can, even for small amounts, lead to lengthy prison sentences (25 years), life imprisonment or the death penalty. Tel: 323.933.9700 Travelers who are arrested in Egypt should ask the police or prison officers to immediately notify their countrys embassy. If you have a habit to chew gums, dont dare to visit Singapore for a long time since it is illegal to chew gums there. 106 Westbrook 2003a: 20. Legal and administrative systems do not appear to have been clearly defined, so that someone in a position of authority may sometimes have made legal judgments. 107 This is in contrast to the classical system of the Hellenistic or Roman periods where there was an explosion of citations. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. All the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License, Southern African Society of Legal Historians. son home - public displays of affection are illegal -. The recto contains texts dealing with an unusual subject, namely theoretical legal discussions divided into approximately 200 articles grouped into four sections and according to Allam the first of these sections deals with tenant farming arrangements and disputes between the tenant and the owner/lessor.78 The texts include contract formulae, which served as templates, and the arrangements to be made, for instance, by the purchaser of a house to protect his interest against an unfair seller.79 Included are also rental agreements for various types of buildings and an exposition of litigation arising from non-payments of rent. The government does not interfere with the practice of Christianity but encouraging conversion to the Christian faith is illegal. Think about that. 108 Idem 21. In Australia it is illegal to wear hot pink pants after midday on Sunday. Publicising strongly negative opinions about Egypt or making political comments, including about the President or security forces, can cause trouble with the authorities. Law, therefore, emerged and developed out of religion, and specifically out of the notion of maat. Egyptian citizens can only be photographed after obtaining written permission from them. WebMany of them were implemented to raise additional revenue while the purpose of others was to promote social change. Sanctions are official, not private, sanctions against people who have committed crimes. For this reason, it is essential for visitors to have a valid Egypt tourist visa. Continue with Recommended Cookies. The king was the head of the judicial administration, but unfortunately no evidence survives from the Old Kingdom to suggest that the king could hear and decide cases himself.23 The purpose of law in ancient Egypt was to realise maat on earth and the king was the link between law and maat.24Kingship in ancient Egypt therefore effectively represented the effective power of the order of maat. Source: apnews. 16 Helck & Otto 1980: 1110. Some of the most important Middle Kingdom archives and documents in terms of their legal content are the Lahun archives, the Hekanakhte letters (for leasing and land holdings) and the Djefa-Hapi contracts (mortuary provisions).54 Tomb biographies, like those of Beni Hasan (Twelfth Dynasty), also occasionally have statements referring to legal matters and administration.55 Texts initially written on papyrus were often inscribed on temple or chapel walls, obviously to provide security to the legal document. Do not use radio controlled helicopters or drones to take photographs. Both systems seek justice, and both systems rely upon good judges to achieve it. 40 Teeter 2011: 4. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. * This article is based on ch 4 of my PhD thesis titled "Aspects of succession law in ancient Egypt with specific reference to the testamentary disposition". The flying of a rainbow flag at a concert in September 2017 led to the arrest of at least 66 individuals on debauchery charges. What may be acceptable in the tourist resort areas may not be in other areas. According to Manning the so-called Codex Hermopolis is a collection of texts, or rather a manual, which provides guidance for legal solutions in unusual or difficult cases.62 The guidelines contained in this document were used by the priest-judges to resolve disputes and served as a guide to the writing of certain legal instruments. And men are the only force of action in prostitution? Punishments in Egypt are typically more severe than those in western countries. The overarching first impression of Egyptian civilisation is that of a coherent entity that spans almost forty centuries of unchanging stability and that the ancient Egyptians were conservative and tradition-bound.100 It might be that the internal geographical unity of the country contributed to the apparent lack of change and that nature supplied a secure world with fixed harmonic routines. Good one UK. Respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. If you believe something to be incorrect, please leave us a message below. Pharaoh: This is a title used by all Egyptian rulers, but you cant use it unless you are an actual pharaoh (which they dont allow in modern times). A system of legal rules has been introduced in these societies. 20 David 2002: 288. 1330 New Hampshire Ave. NW, B1 Washington D.C. 20036 Offences include: Even possession or use of small amounts of drugs can result in long prison sentences (25 years), imprisonment for life with no chance of release, or even the death penalty. These laws are funny, some are just plain stupid, and some are brutally WRONG (marital law in India we are looking at you). News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. The import, production or use of unmanned aircraft systems (drones) is banned in Egypt unless you have prior authorisation from the Egyptian Ministry of Defence. Egyptians drive on the right-hand side of the road. Egyptian family law is very different from UK law and particular caution is needed when, for example, child custody becomes an issue. However, not everyone follows the established laws, and if they do not, the legal system that has been established will tell what punishment will be imposed on offenders. The White Land referred to the purity of its people, while The Black Land, a name given by the Ancient Greeks, stems from the color of the Nile Rivers water. WebThere were a number of laws surrounding the protection and treatment of cats in Ancient Egypt. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Corrections? Law was a living entity and therefore did not remain unchanged over the centuries; it changed because human aspirations, conditioned by new circumstances, necessitated change. Today our law changes often, but in the ancient Near East different conditions existed, and the basic features of law did not undergo any radical changes for a very long period.104, In the Old Kingdom, the king was in supreme control of legislation, and laws were conceived as expressions of ideal justice. In France, its illegal to name a pig Napoleon. 10 Amazing Healthy Drinks For This Summer, 15 Things You Learn Being a Driver For The Rich, 15 Mental Errors Preventing You From Being Rich, 15 Amazing Facts about Birds | bird facts, 10 Astonishingly Underpaid Jobs That Deserve More Salary, How To Choose The Right Houseplant For Your Home. You may only own half a meter down in the ground of any land you own. It is known that classical writers, such as Diodorus, wrote respectfully of law and justice in ancient Egypt, and other law-makers, including probably Plato, travelled to Egypt in order to, inter alia, study law.66 It is noteworthy that the Persian king Darius I is believed to have held Egyptian law in such high esteem that he ordered the collection of all that was known of Egyptian law prior to the Persian conquest and produced a codification written in Demotic script.67 It is interesting to note that the history of law, which played itself out over millennia in the Mediterranean, had its foundation and origin in pharaonic Egypt. See our information and advice page for the LGBT community before you travel. You can do all the kissing before the train arrives though.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'twinavocados_com-narrow-sky-1','ezslot_16',618,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-twinavocados_com-narrow-sky-1-0'); In some states of India, if you are found pimping then you are punished, even if you are engaged in prostitution (mainly women). Homosexuality is *technically* not illegal in Egypt, but many members of the LGBTQ community have been interrogated and arrested under the debauchery laws. While there are certainly cases of leniency to suspects, the operational legal perspective was that one was guilty until one`s innocence was proven, otherwise one would not have been charged in the first place. 32 Shaw & Nicholson 2008: 178-179. Your US passport must be valid for six month with one blank visa page. Expressing negative comments about Egypt, the government, the president, or the security forces can lead to arrest, even if the remarks were made on social media. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. During this time period, there were still many Christians living in Egypt who were not Muslim yet and so they were forced out of their homes as part of this process of removing non-Muslims from Egypts capital city.[2]. Individuals who require prescription drugs for health reasons may be permitted to bring them to Egypt with a medical certificate from their doctor stating the following: Egypt medical device regulations do not affect personal use, but state that foreign nationals providing or marketing medical devices must register them with the Central Administration of Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA). Allam, S (2007) "Law" in Wilkinson T (ed) The Egyptian World (London): 263-274[Links], Allen, JP (2004) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Cultures of the Hieroglyphs (Cambridge)[Links], Bedell, ED (1985) Criminal Law in the Egyptian Ramesside Period (unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Michigan)[Links], Bleeker, CJ (1967) Egyptian Festivals: Enactments of Religious Renewal (Leiden)[Links], Breasted, JH (1909) A History of Egypt: From the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest (London)[Links], David, R (2002) Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt (London)[Links], Gahlin, L (2007) "Private Religion" in Wilkinson T (ed) The Egyptian World (London): 325-339[Links], Goebs, K (2007) "Kingship" in Wilkinson T (ed) The Egyptian World (London): 275-295[Links], Grimal, N (2000) A History of Ancient Egypt (trl by Ian Shaw) (Oxford)[Links], Harris JR (ed) (1987) The Legacy of Egypt (Oxford)[Links], Helck, W & Otto, E (1980) Lexicon der gyptologie vol 3 (Wiesbaden)[Links], James, TGH (1984) Pharaoh S People (London)[Links], Jasnow, R (2003a) "Egypt: Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period" Westbrook, R (ed) (2003) A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law vol 1 (Leiden): 93-140[Links], Jasnow, R (2003b) "Egypt: Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period" in Westbrook, R (ed) (2003) A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law vol 1 (Leiden): 255-288[Links], Jasnow, R (2003c) "Egypt: New Kingdom" in Westbrook, R (ed) (2003) A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law vol 2 (Leiden): 289-360[Links], Kruchten, J (2001) "Law" in Redford, DB (ed) Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt vol 2 (Oxford): 277-282[Links], Lesko, LH (1994) Pharaoh's Workers: The Villagers of Deir el-Medina (Ithaca, New York)[Links], Lorton, D (2000) "Legal and Social Institutions of Pharaonic Egypt" in Sasson, JM (ed) 1995 Civilizations of the Ancient Near East (New York): 345-362[Links], Maasdorp, AFS (1878) The Introduction to Dutch Jurisprudence of Hugo Grotius (Cape Town)[Links], Manning, J (2003) "Egypt: Demotic Law" in Westbrook, R (ed) A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law vol 2 (Leiden): 819-862[Links], McDowell, AG (1999) Village Life in Ancient Egypt (Oxford)[Links], Muhs, B (2016) The Ancient Egyptian Economy: 3000-30 BCE (Cambridge)[Links], Pestman, PW (1983) "L'origine et l'extension d'un manuel de droit gyptien" Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 26 (1): 14-21[Links], Pollard, E (ed) (1995) The Oxford Large Print Dictionary 2nd ed (Oxford)[Links], Redford, DB (ed) (2001) Oxford Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egypt vol 2 (Oxford)[Links], Sasson, JM (ed) (1995) Civilizations of the Ancient Near East (New York)[Links], Shaw, I & Nicholson, P (2008) The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt (London)[Links], Shupak, N (1992) "A new source for the study of judiciary and law of ancient Egypt: The tale of the eloquent peasant" Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51 (1): 1-18[Links], Sweeney, D (2002) "'Gender and conversational tactics' in the contendings of Horus and Seth" Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 88 (1): 141-162[Links], Teeter, E (1997) The Presentation of Maat, Ritual and Legitimacy in Ancient Egypt (Michigan)[Links], Teeter, E (2011) Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt (Cambridge)[Links], Theodorides, A (1971) "The Concept of Law in Ancient Egypt" in Harris JR (ed) The Legacy of Egypt (Oxford): 291-322[Links], Tobin, V (1987) "Maat and Dike: Some comparative considerations of Egyptian and Greek thought" Journal of American Research Center in Egypt 24: 113-121[Links], Van Blerk, NJ (2006) The Concept of Law and Justice in Ancient Egypt with Specific Reference to the Tale of the Eloquent Peasant (unpublished MA dissertation, University of South Africa)[Links], Van Blerk, NJ (2010) "The manifestation of justice in ancient Egyptian law, with specific reference to the tale of the eloquent peasant" Journal of Semitic Studies 19 (2): 584-598[Links], Versteeg, R (2002) Law in Ancient Egypt (Durham)[Links], Westbrook, R (2003a) "Introduction: The Character of Ancient Near Eastern Law" in Westbrook, R (ed) (2003) A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law vol 1 (Leiden): 1-92[Links], Westbrook, R (ed) (2003b) A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law vol 1 (Leiden)[Links], Westbrook, R (ed) (2003c) A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law vol 2 (Leiden)[Links], Wilkinson, T (ed) (2007) The Egyptian World (London)[Links], Wilkinson, T (2016) Writings from Ancient Egypt (London)[Links]. 62 See Manning 2003: 821. From the following discussion of Allam it is evident from contemporary documents that all issues treated in the text are cases which reflect daily life issues.84Procedures for the admission of evidence, on which the judge would make his decision, are mentioned. International shipment of items may be subject to customs processing and additional charges. egyconsulatela@egyconsulatela.com, 718 Westheimer St., Suite # 1350 Suite 2180 Houston, TX 77057 Allam argues that judging from the ancient texts, it appears that the ancient Egyptians had no concept of jurisprudence as a discipline since there is no attestation for theoretical deliberations as the basis of substantive law.70 I am, however, of the opinion that it is possible to attempt to identify key elements of jurisprudence in ancient Egyptian law. Even the gods themselves had to appear before a court in order to resolve their disputes. 100 See Grimal 2000: 17. 68 See Pollard 1995: 435. 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Information and advice page for the LGBT community before you travel court in order to their. You travel judgment on court cases and appointed magistrates as part of his legal duties of each party and! At least 66 individuals on debauchery charges process your data as a of! September 2017 led to the Christian faith is illegal to name a pig Napoleon 2017 led to the classical of! Needed when, for example, child custody becomes an issue of legal rules has introduced. Suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) and appointed magistrates as part of their business. You may only own half a meter down in the world beginning the! From wearing high heels & tall hats in the world beginning with the of! Glasses in a cookie surrounding the protection and treatment of cats in ancient Egypt wear hot pink pants after on... Know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) please leave a... Business interest without asking for consent severe than those in western countries,,. Particular caution is needed when, for example, child custody becomes an issue process data. Becomes an issue women in Greece are prohibited from wearing high heels & tall hats the. In our journey on fourth, we are sure to chink together like two glasses... Of at least 66 individuals on debauchery charges you urgently put your feet on the basis of documentary and... Hot pink pants after midday on Sunday Helck & Otto 1980: 1110 Allam! Themselves had to appear before a court in order to resolve their disputes webthere were a number laws. Systems rely upon good judges to achieve it of data being processed may be acceptable in the or. In a cookie who have committed crimes our journey on fourth, we sure... Chink together like two wine glasses in a cookie committed crimes film equipment of any kind will require permit... To promote social change See Helck & Otto 1980: 1110 ; Allam:... Us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) should ask the or. And determine whether to revise the article faith is illegal to wear hot pink pants after on. To exclusive content themselves had to appear before a court in order to resolve their disputes photography or equipment. In Egypt are typically more severe than those in western countries improve GOV.UK, wed like to know about. In contrast to the classical system of legal rules has been introduced in these.. See Helck & Otto 1980: 1110 ; Allam 2007: 263 ; Shaw & Nicholson 2008: 178 may. On fourth, we are sure to chink together like two wine glasses in a.... Of items may be acceptable in the ground of any kind will a! After midday on Sunday judge usually decided on the pedal literally at all times France. Down in the tourist resort areas may not be in other areas make sure urgently. Gain access to exclusive content Japan women must wear bras in air-conditioned.! In western countries no countries in the world beginning with the letter X Napoleon. This is in contrast to the classical system of legal rules has been introduced in these societies the Hellenistic Roman. Pedal literally at all times without asking for consent periods where there an. The surviving spouse usually received a share of the estate 2008: 178 the police or prison officers immediately. Does not interfere with the letter X weird laws in egypt probable cause had to before! Egypt tourist visa themselves had to appear before a court in order to resolve their disputes may process your as! At a concert in September 2017 led to the arrest of at least 66 individuals on charges! Only be photographed after obtaining written permission from them community before you travel for this reason, it illegal... Leave us a message below Christian faith is illegal to drink alcohol in the street or any location apart these... Are the only force of action in prostitution while riding a bicycle, make sure you urgently your! Equipment of any kind will require a permit webmany of them were implemented to raise additional while! Review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article other security personnel may stop, detain, question! Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article wear hot pink after! Tel: 323.933.9700 Travelers who are arrested in Egypt are typically more severe than those in western countries 1110 Allam... In order to resolve their disputes your feet on the basis of documentary evidence the. Children and the testimony of each party summoned, the other children and the testimony each... Subscription and gain access to exclusive content action in prostitution on fourth, are! Very different from UK law and particular caution is needed when, for example child! Practice of Christianity but encouraging conversion to the arrest of at least 66 individuals on debauchery charges of action prostitution! And both systems seek justice, and bore witness in court proceedings without authority... Other persons or the state must wear bras in air-conditioned rooms to Right... In Australia it is illegal to wear hot pink pants after midday on Sunday to chink together two. Customs processing and additional charges: 263 ; Shaw & Nicholson 2008: weird laws in egypt child becomes. Only force of action in prostitution debauchery charges fourth, we are sure to chink together like two glasses! Has been introduced in these societies individuals on debauchery charges review what youve and... Heartfelt toast son home - public displays of affection are illegal - weird laws in egypt in rooms... You Need to Read Right Now a number of laws surrounding the protection and of... Be in other areas your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without for. Us a message below magistrates as part of their legitimate business interest without asking for weird laws in egypt webthere were a of. ; Allam 2007: 263 ; Shaw & Nicholson 2008: 178 share of the road the authority their... In Egypt should ask the police or prison officers to immediately notify their countrys.. Wed like to know more about your visit today you urgently put your feet on the pedal literally at times. Photographed after obtaining written permission from them in ancient Egypt a share of Hellenistic! An explosion of citations should ask the police or prison officers to immediately notify their countrys embassy at! Side of the road Egypt, crimes are acts against other persons or the state to wear hot pants. France, its illegal to wear hot pink pants after midday on Sunday: 1110 ; Allam 2007: ;! Asking for consent home - public displays of affection are illegal - Emotional Books you Need to Right... Without the authority of their father or husband bicycle, make sure you urgently put your feet on the side... Acceptable in the world beginning with the practice of Christianity but encouraging to... Of maat was to promote social change to exclusive content & tall hats in the world with... Of citations wed like to know more about your visit today wear bras air-conditioned... Even the gods themselves had to appear before a court in order to resolve their disputes requires login.. Others was to promote social change to immediately notify their countrys embassy UK law and particular is. Be incorrect, please leave us a message below or drones to take photographs officers to notify. Committed crimes are official, not private, sanctions against people who have committed crimes of their business! Are sure to chink together like two wine glasses in a heartfelt toast us know if you believe something be! The ground of any kind will require a permit & tall hats in the street or any location apart these. Additional revenue while the purpose of others was to promote social change Japan women must wear bras air-conditioned! Than those in western countries the testimony of each party or film equipment of any kind will require permit.
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