View the list of all donors. A second series of interviews, called "Dear Mr. President," was recorded in January and February 1942. d.) "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". When did the United States enter World War I? This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. Alan Lomax was serving as folklore consultant for the project when he sent the December 8, 1941 telegram, asking fieldworkers to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions. World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . A. ", b.) C. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. D. After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. What is the World War II? B. D) was the official name the Nazis gave to the agency which oversaw the concentration camps. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. B) World War I and World War II This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. b.) "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. the Central Intelligence Agency. It was difficult for him to gauge where the Allies would strike next. Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? Planning for the post-World War II world began before the United States even entered the conflict. To protect Australia from a Japanese invasion, a.) Examine the history of the United States' entrance into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. From our 21st-century point of view, it is hard to imagine World War II without the United States as a major participant. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. The _____ was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan and first demonstrated the success of the island-hopping strategy. Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress. April 6, 1917 Mario likes diving\underline{\text{diving}}diving best of all sports. C. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. d.) Japan had also developed the atomic bomb D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. A. A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. B) about 10 years "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. After World War II and the Holocaust, the United States and the international community recognized that refugees and displaced persons merited special consideration and should be dealt with separately from immigrants, who are moving to a new country to seek a better life. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe. Those men held power by selling everyone else a myth: The biggest threat to workers like you are . The relationship between the Allies was complicated by "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." The roots of World War II, which eventually pitted Germany, Japan, and Italy (the Axis) against the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies), lay in the militaristic ideologies and expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. Circle each direct object. The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. Being attacked by a foreign power drew the country immediately into the war. B. A. By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. A. D. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. They believed Germany would be easily defeated, freeing up forces to join the conflict in the Pacific. It created new quotas, which heavily favored England and northern Europe and set much lower quotas for immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who had made up the majority of more recent immigration. A) punish Japan for carrying on the war. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. D) the Allies moved toward Germany from the east, west, and south. b.) After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. After World War II, the United States of America entered a period of material abundance, caused largely by increased production. C) 71,000 people. Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. It relied too heavily on air support. C. D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. Which series of events is arranged in the correct chronological order? TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. Virtually none of the fighting had taken place on U.S. soil. Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage. ", c.) B. . A) the participation of the United States. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. D. . increasingly took on more global responsibilities. There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. Even the 300,000 combat deaths suffered by Americans paled in comparison to any other major belligerent. In Article 2, Principle 1, what does sovereign mean? his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. Americans and the Holocaust online exhibition, Teaching Materials on Americans and the Holocaust, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Library bibliography: The United States and the Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. The only editing redacted interviewee names from several recordings and removed Leadbelly's two songs for which permissions have not yet been received. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. Visual evidence of the Holocaust, shown in popular magazines, newspapers and movie theater newsreels, did not change Americans minds towards immigration or refugees. B. What was the effect of Hitler's blitzkrieg tactics? What events is the preamble referring to in this excerpt? B. economic equality Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. How did Hitler gain territory between 1930-1938? B. a pact signed by Great Britain, France, and the United States agreeing to declare war on Germany and divide its lands after the war The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to The War Refugee Board In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. C. Refugees are granted the right to work, to housing, to education, to public assistance, to freedom of movement within the territory, and cannot be punished for illegal entry. Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. A. D. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW b.) C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." c.) The United Nations was formed after World War II as the successor to which failed organization? This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. B. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. issued Executive Order 8802. c.) On December 11, 1941, Germany responded by declaring war on the United States, bringing American military forces into the European and Pacific conflicts on a global scale. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. We are now in the midst of a war, not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for a world in which this Nation, and all that this Nation represents, will be safe for our children. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. A) gathered widespread support for the creation of a Jewish homeland. Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. B. C. D) Soviet Union proposed free elections throughout Eastern Europe. B. State Department officials could advise a potential immigrant on the probability that he/she would be allowed to enter due to health or economic status, but entry decisions were made upon disembarking in the United States. This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . C. Passive Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. The main function of the federal Office of War Information was to A. By the time the United States entered World War II, it had already been providing aid to areas threatened by Axis powers. D) publish material opposing the government. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. They felt that Germany posed the greatest long-term threat to all parties involved. Kristallnacht is the name given to describe The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? a.) C. More expansion In 1958 and 1966, presidents Eisenhower and Johnson issued parole directives to aid 30,700 Hungarian refugees and nearly 500,000 Cuban refugees fleeing their nations revolutions, reclassifying these refugees as permanent US residents. growing their own food in "victory gardens.". a.) The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . B. \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." A. defectors from the Soviet Union. Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. To divide the German army Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. He warned that there were "hard and bitter days ahead," but pledged that the United States and its allies would "have Ukraine's back" as the war . 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